Electrons
电子
Electrons are subatomic particles. They are negatively charged.
电子是亚原子粒子。它们被负电荷。
According to Niels Bohr's 原子模型 atomic model, electrons go around / orbit the nucleus of an atom at discrete energy levels or shells. The outer most shell of an atom is called the valence shell and the electrons in this shell are known as the valence electrons.
Atoms can form bonds by
o donating or accepting electrons (forming ionic bonds).
o sharing electrons (forming covalent bonds).
In metals, electrons form "clouds" which bond the atoms together. This is known as the metallic bond.
If a potential difference is created between two parts / terminals of a piece of metal, the electrons will flow. The flow of electrons (which are charges) is referred to as the electric current.
See also 量子电动力学 quantum electrodynamics
See also the other subatomic particles:
质子 protons and (物)中子 neutrons.